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写作核心提示:
写一篇关于初一英语演讲稿,时长为3分钟,需要注意以下事项:
1. 主题明确:确定一个清晰的演讲主题,确保内容与主题紧密相关,使听众能够迅速抓住演讲的核心。
2. 结构完整:一篇好的演讲稿应具备引言、正文和结尾三个部分。引言部分用于引起听众兴趣,正文部分阐述观点,结尾部分进行总结。
3. 语言简洁:初一英语演讲稿应使用简单、易懂的词汇和句型,避免使用过于复杂的语法结构。
4. 语法正确:确保演讲稿中的语法正确,避免出现拼写错误、语法错误等低级错误。
5. 逻辑清晰:演讲稿中的观点应具有逻辑性,使听众能够理解并接受你的观点。
6. 时间控制:3分钟的演讲时间有限,需合理安排内容,确保在规定时间内完成演讲。
7. 举例生动:适当使用具体、生动的例子来支持你的观点,使演讲更具说服力。
8. 互动交流:在演讲过程中,可以适当与听众进行互动,如提问、回答问题等,以提高听众的参与度。
9. 注意语速:演讲时语速不宜过快,以免听众难以跟上节奏。同时,注意停顿和语气,使演讲更具感染力。
10. 适应场合:根据演讲场合调整演讲内容,如在学校进行演讲,可以适当加入与学校生活相关的内容。
以下是一篇3分钟
When we talk. Sometimes we say things directly. I'm going to the store. I'll be back in five minutes. Other times, though, we talk in a way that conjures up a small scene. It's raining cats and dogs out, we say.
当我们交谈时,有时会直截了当地表达。比如"我要去趟商店",或是"五分钟后回来"。但另一些时候,我们的话语会勾勒出一幅生动的画面——就像我们说"外面下着倾盆大雨"那样。
Or I was waiting for the other shoe to drop. Metaphors are a way to talk about one thing by describing something else. That may seem roundabout, but it's not seeing and hearing and tasting are how we know anything.
又或者,我在等着另一只鞋掉下来。隐喻是一种通过描述他物来谈论某事的方式。这或许看似绕弯子,但就像我们通过看、听、尝来认知万物一样。
First, the philosopher William James described the world of new born infants as a buzzing and blooming confusion. Abstract ideas are pale things compared to those first bees and blossoms. Metaphors think with the imagination and the senses.
首先,哲学家威廉·詹姆斯将新生婴儿眼中的世界描述为"嗡嗡作响、繁花乱目的混沌"。与那些最初的蜜蜂和花朵相比,抽象概念显得苍白无力。隐喻通过想象力和感官进行思考。
The hot chill peppers in them explode in the mouth and the mind. They're also precise. We don't really stop to think about a raindrop the size of an actual cat or dog. But as soon as I do I realize that I'm quite certain the dog has to be a small one, a cocker spaniel or a dachshund, and not a golden lab or Newoundland.
那些辣椒在口中迸发,在脑海炸裂。它们的滋味精准得可怕。我们平时根本不会去细想"猫狗大小的雨滴"这种比喻——可一旦认真琢磨,我立刻意识到:那条狗肯定得是小型犬,比如可卡犬或腊肠犬,绝不可能是金毛寻回犬或纽芬兰犬。
I think about Beagle might be about right. A metaphor isn't true or untrue in any ordinary sense. Metaphors are art, not science, but they can still feel right or wrong. A metaphor that isn't good leaves you confused.
我觉得用"比格犬"这个比喻可能恰到好处。隐喻无所谓对错——至少不是我们通常理解的那个意义上的对错。隐喻是艺术而非科学,但它依然能给人以恰当或失当的感受。一个糟糕的隐喻只会让人一头雾水。
You know what it means to feel like a square wheel, but not what it's like to be. Tired as a whale, there's a paradox to metaphor. They almost always say things that aren't true. If you say there's an elephant in the room, there isn't an actual one looking for the peanut dish on the table.
你知道"像方轮子一样格格不入"是什么感觉,却未必明白真正成为方轮子是何种体验。累得像头鲸鱼——隐喻本身就充满悖论。它们几乎总在陈述不真实的事物。当你说"房间里的大象"时,屋里并不存在一头正在寻找桌上花生碟的大象。
Metaphors get under your skin by ghosting right past the logical mind. Plus, we're used to thinking in images. Every night we dream impossible things. And when we wake up that way of thinking still in us, we take off our dream shoes and button ourselves into our lives.
隐喻能悄无声息地渗入你的内心,因为它绕过了理性的思维防线。况且,我们本就习惯以意象来思考——每夜梦境里,我们徜徉于不可能之事;而当晨光唤醒意识,那种思维方式却仍驻留心间。于是我们脱下梦的鞋履,系紧生活的纽扣,继续前行。
Some metaphors include the words like or as sweet as honey, strong as a tree. Those are called similes. A simile is a metaphor that admits it's, making a comparison. Similes tend to make you think. Metaphors let you feel things directly.
有些比喻会使用“像”或“如同”这样的词,比如“甜如蜜”“壮如树”。这类比喻被称为明喻。明喻是一种坦承自身在进行比较的隐喻。明喻往往能促使你去思考,而隐喻则让你直接感受事物。
Take Shakespeare's, famous metaphor, all the world's, a stage, the world is like a stage, just seems thinner and more boring. Metaphors can also live in verbs. Emily Dickinson begins a poem. I saw no way the heavens were stitched, and we know instantly what it would feel like if the sky were a fabric sown shut.
以莎士比亚那句著名的比喻"整个世界是一座舞台"为例——世界就像个舞台,只不过显得更单薄、更乏味。隐喻同样可以栖身于动词之中。艾米莉·狄金森在诗作开篇写道:"我不见天穹如何缝就",我们瞬间就能体会倘若天空真是一块缝合闭合的织物会是何种感受。
They can live in adjectives too. Still. Waters run deep, we say of some one quiet and thoughtful. And the deep matters as much as the stillness and the water do. One of the clearest places to find good metaphors is in poems.
它们也能栖居于形容词之中。静水深流,我们常以此形容那些沉静而富有思想的人。而水的深度,与它的静谧和水性本身同样重要。诗歌正是寻觅精妙隐喻最澄明的所在之一。
Take this haiku by the 18 century Japanese poet Isa on a branch floating down river. A cricket singing. The first way to meet a metaphor is just to see the world through its eyes. An insect sing from a branch passing by in the middle of the river.
且看这首十八世纪日本俳句诗人芭蕉的短诗:
一枝随波逐流,
蟋蟀枝头鸣唱。
邂逅隐喻的第一重境界,便是以它的眼眸观照世界——一只虫儿在顺流而下的枝杈间放歌。
Even as you see that, though some part of you recognizes in the image a small portrait of what it's like to live in this world of change and time, our human fate is to vanish as surely as that small cricket will.
即便你目睹此景,内心某处仍能从这画面中瞥见一丝我们栖居于变幻时空之世的缩影——可人类的宿命终究与那只小蟋蟀无异,终将消逝无踪。
And still we do what it does. We lived, we sang. Sometimes a poem takes a metaphor and extends it, building on one idea in many ways, here's. The beginning of Langston Hughes famous poem mother to son well son.
而我们依旧如它所行。我们活着,我们歌唱。有时一首诗会撷取一个隐喻并加以延展,以万千方式铺陈一个核心意象——以下便是兰斯顿·休斯名作《母亲致儿子》的开篇
I'll tell you life for me. Ain't been no crystal stare it's had tacks in it, and splinters and boards torn up and places with no carpet on the floor. Langston Hughes is making a metaphor that compares a hard life to a wrecked house you still have to live in.
让我告诉你,我的人生是什么模样。它从不是水晶般璀璨的宫殿——里面扎着钉子,横着木刺,地板支离破碎,有些地方甚至没有铺地毯。兰斯顿·休斯用了一个隐喻,将艰难的人生比作一座虽已破败却仍需栖身的房屋。
Those splinters and tacks feel real. They hurt your own feet and your own heart. But the mother is describing her life here, not her actual house. And hunger and cold exhausting work and part poverty are what's also inside those splinters metaphors aren't always about our human lives and feelings.
那些木刺和图钉触感真实,扎得你脚底生疼,更刺痛你的心。但这位母亲描述的并非她真实的居所,而是她的人生境遇。饥饿、严寒、疲惫劳作,还有挥之不去的贫困,都藏在这些木刺的隐喻之中——要知道,隐喻所映射的,从来不只是人类的情感与生活。
The Chicago poet Carl Sandberg wrote, the fog comes on little cat feet. It sits looking over harbour and city on silent haunches and then moves on. The comparison here is simple. Fog is being described as a cat, but a good metaphor isn't a puzzle or a way to convey hidden meanings.
芝加哥诗人卡尔·桑德堡曾写道:"雾来了,迈着小猫的脚步。它蹲伏在港口与城市上空静默地窥视,继而悄然消散。"这个比喻十分简洁——将雾比作猫。但优秀的隐喻并非谜题,也不是传递隐含意义的工具。
It's a way to let you feel and know something differently. No one who's heard this poem forgets it. You see fog, and there's a small gray cat. Nearby metaphors give words away to go beyond their own meaning.
这是一种让你以不同方式去感受与认知事物的途径。听过这首诗的人,无人能够忘怀。你眼前浮现雾霭,还有一只灰色的小猫。那些近在咫尺的隐喻,让词语挣脱自身意义的桎梏,奔向更广阔的天地。
Their handles on the door of what we can know and of what we can imagine. Each door leads to some new house and some new world that only that one handle can open. What's amazing is this. By making a handle you can make a world.
它们是我们认知之门与想象之门的把手。每扇门都通向一座独特的房屋,一个仅凭这把把手才能开启的全新世界。最令人惊叹的是——通过创造一把把手,你便能缔造一个世界。
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